Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Peningkatan Pembelajaran Abad 21 pada Siswa SMA

Abstract

The development of technology, globalization, and social changes has required the education sector to prepare students with 21st-century competencies, including critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. One learning model that supports the development of these competencies is Problem-Based Learning (PBL). This paper aims to examine the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning model in improving senior high school students' participation, learning engagement, and learning motivation, as well as to identify strategies that teachers can apply to optimize its implementation. This study employed a qualitative literature review approach. The data were collected from scientific journal articles, books, conference proceedings, and official documents published between 2021 and 2025. The data were analyzed through the processes of identification, selection, comparison, and synthesis of relevant previous studies. The findings indicate that the implementation of PBL can improve students' participation, learning engagement, and learning motivation. In addition, PBL helps develop critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. The successful implementation of PBL is influenced by teachers' ability to design learning activities, implement each stage of the PBL process, and provide guidance throughout the learning process. Therefore, continuous teacher training and professional development are essential to ensure the effective implementation of PBL and to support the development of 21st-century competencies.