From Blockchain Adoption to Supply Chain Performance: A Systematic Literature Review of Mechanisms, Capabilities, and Contextual Conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29407/9we3fp61Keywords:
Blockchain adoption, Organizational capabilities, Supply chain management, Supply chain performance, Supply chain resilienceAbstract
This study examined how blockchain adoption influenced supply chain performance by synthesizing the mechanisms, organizational capabilities, and contextual conditions that shaped performance outcomes. A systematic literature review was conducted using 53 peer-reviewed journal articles retrieved from the Scopus database and published between 2021 and 2026. The study selection process followed the PRISMA framework, while the selected literature was analyzed through structured qualitative and thematic synthesis. The findings showed that blockchain adoption was predominantly associated with improved supply chain performance, although its effects were mechanism-dependent and context-sensitive. Blockchain generated performance benefits primarily through enhanced transparency, traceability, trust, transaction efficiency, integration, and supply chain resilience. Organizational capabilities, technological readiness, knowledge sharing, managerial resources, and institutional conditions shaped the extent to which blockchain capabilities were translated into measurable performance improvements. The evidence also indicated that operational improvements did not necessarily produce immediate financial returns, emphasizing the importance of complementary organizational processes. These findings implied that blockchain adoption functioned as an enabling capability rather than an independent performance solution and provided managerial guidance for aligning blockchain investments with organizational capabilities and supply chain processes.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dustin Favian Baihaqi, Tias Andarini Indarwati (Author)
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