An AI-Based Physical Literacy Model To Improve Fitness And Learning Outcomes In Physical Education Among Elementary School Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29407/xqmzar25Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Physical Literacy, physical fitness, Physical Education , elementary schoolAbstract
This study aims to develop and analyze the effectiveness of an AI-Based Physical Literacy Model to improve physical literacy, physical fitness, and learning outcomes in Physical Education, Sports, and Health among elementary school students in Bojonegoro Regency. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The model’s effectiveness was tested using a pretest–posttest control group design involving 60 students divided into an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 30 students. The experimental group received instruction using the AI-Based Physical Literacy Model over eight sessions, while the control group participated in conventional Physical Education, Sports, and Health instruction. Data on physical literacy, physical fitness, and Physical Education learning outcomes were collected through pre- and post-instruction measurements. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s test for homogeneity, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, an independent samples t-test on posttest scores, N-Gain, and Cohen’s d. The results showed that the experimental group had higher posttest scores than the control group in Physical Literacy, physical fitness, and PJOK learning outcomes, with p-values < 0,001. The N-Gain values for the experimental group were 0,485 for Physical Literacy, 0,417 for physical fitness, and 0,549 for PJOK learning outcomes, while the control group fell into the low category. Effect sizes also indicated a large effect, with Cohen’s d of 2,442 for Physical Literacy, 1,745 for physical fitness, and 2,232 for Physical Education learning outcomes. These findings suggest that the AI-Based Physical Literacy Model has the potential to serve as an adaptive, data-driven, and effective approach to Physical Education instruction for improving the achievements of elementary school students
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Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Putri, Hilmy Aliriad, Dwi Ayu Ningtyas (Author)
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