ASEAN’s Role in Addressing Online Scam-Based Human Trafficking in Cambodia

Abstract

Advances in digital technology have fueled the emergence of a new form of human trafficking: scam-based online human trafficking. In Southeast Asia, Cambodia has become a hub for online scam operations that recruit victims through fake job advertisements and subsequently exploit them in online fraud schemes. This phenomenon is not only a form of transnational crime but also threatens human security, particularly the dimension of personal security, as victims experience confinement, forced labor, violence, and psychological pressure. This study aims to analyze the form of online scam-based human trafficking developing in Cambodia through the concept of personal security, examine ASEAN’s role in addressing it, and identify challenges affecting its effectiveness. This study employs a qualitative method using secondary data such as scientific journals, reports from international organizations, ASEAN documents, and other relevant sources. The findings indicate that ASEAN has undertaken various efforts through the ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (ACTIP), ASEANAPOL, SOMTC, and the ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Work Plan. However, its effectiveness faces challenges such as disparities in implementation among member states, limited coordination among law enforcement agencies, and the principle of non-interference. This study concludes that strengthening regional coordination and implementing more effective policies are necessary to address this threat in Cambodia.